Has an NHL game ever ended 10-1?
It has. 10-1 has been a NHL final 36 times in 70,352 games. The first was Toronto St. Patricks beat Boston Bruins on December 22, 1924; the latest was Vancouver Canucks beat San Jose Sharks on November 2, 2023.
That makes 10-1 the 54th most common final score out of 95 that have ever occurred in NHL. One point away, 11-1 has happened 9 times and 10-2 has happened 48 times.